"Let us look at the commonly used term ‘interdisciplinarity’, which can refer to

• research at the intersection of two disciplines, such as biology and chemistry or psychology and mathematics, which can spawn new disciplines (biochemistry and mathematical psychology, in the two cases given here); this can be large or small-scale and undertaken by individuals or teams

• research across the boundaries of several closely related disciplines like sociology, anthropology and psychology, which involves extensive ‘borrowing’

  of concepts and methods; this can also be large or small-scale and undertaken by individuals or teams

• fields and ‘disciplines’, like women’s studies, population health, criminology and media studies, which draw on a range of disciplinary inputs; within any of these, different disciplines may work together closely or operate in parallel

• research on phenomena that occur across different disciplines, like patterning or hierarchy—for example, patterns occur in many aspects of the natural world and in social systems, from chemical structures at the microscopic level, arrays of stars, planets and other objects in the astronomical world to the movements of fish and birds, friendship networks and traffic flows

• research that involves experts from various disciplines and stakeholders from relevant practice areas working on a common problem, such as cybercrime, obesity or erosion"

Slots and Values
ref	1. The Challenge ...
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