"Combinations differ from mere aggregates in at least three regards. First, the original items alter in the process, so that they are precursors rather than constituents of the whole. For example, the molecule resulting from the combination of two atoms is not the association of the latter, since their electrons get drastically rearranged; likewise, when two people love and live together they transform each other. Second, combinations, as in the case of chemical compounds, bodily organs, and social systems, are more stable than mere aggregants, because they are more cohesive. Third and consequently, combinations take more energy, longer time, or rarer circumstances, as the case may be. Think of emergence of the solar system, the RNA molecule, the cell, the human brain, the school, or the state. These are all cases of emergence."

Slots and Values
ref	11-2
source	Unnamed