more complex dissipative structure can be thermodynamically conjured by creating a chemical concentration gradient that drives a chemical system away from equilibrium. This happens in what’s known as the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which Prigogine studied and modeled mathematically. In this example of emergence, the appropriate mix of chemicals produces a reaction solution with striking spatial and temporal patterns visible to the naked eye. Not only that, the color of the solution oscillates from blue to red at regular time intervals, creating a bona fide chemical clock! This colorful clock is a stunning example of how a thermodynamic imbalance brings ordered machinery into existence. Attractors Create Order by Constraining Chaos Dissipative structures come in many different shapes and sizes, but they all cycle around stable dynamical states of order that complexity scientists call attractors.

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