Recognized emergence:

• Aristotle

• John Stuart Mill (1843) - "chemical compound has properties different from those of its components"

• Berhard Bolzano (1851) - "remarked that a machine has properties lacking in its separate parts"

• George Henry Lewes (1847) - "introduced the resultant/emergent distinction"

• Friederich Engels (1878) - "made much of qualitative leaps ... (emergence as a result of a quantitative change)"

• Max Wertheimer (1912) - "introduced the concept of a perceptual Gestalt"

• Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1923) - "published a book about emergent evolution"

• Roy Wood Sellars (1922) - "sketched a materialist ontology around the concepts of evolution, emergence, and level"

• Norbert Wiener (1948) - "explained self-correction, a whole-system process, in terms of feedback loops"

• Alex Novikoff (1945) - paper

• Nicolai Hartmann (1949) - "sketched a new ontology based on the concepts of qualitative novelty and layer"

• James S. Coleman (1964) - "stated that the central problem of sociology is to find out 'emergent group-level regularities' from individual regularities

• Jean Piaget (1965) - "proposed a clear definition of the concept of emergence"

• (see Boring 1950; Sellars et al. 1949; and Blitz 1992)

Slots and Values
ref	p16
source	Unnamed